Exploration of Evolving Quantum Key Distribution Network Architecture Using Model-Based Systems Engineering

[Submitted on 21 Aug 2025]

A new paper on how MBSE (SysML+OVM) could be utilised to facilitate the modelling and exploration of QKD Network Architectures. This work is funded by the Innovate UK, under the QAssure programme, and is in collaboration with BT. The pre-print is now on arXiv. We welcome feedback from the community. Please get in touch!

Hayato Ishida, Amal Elsokary, Maria Aslam, Catherine White, Michael J. de C. Henshaw, Siyuan Ji

Abstract: Realisation of significant advances in capabilities of sensors, computing, timing, and communication enabled by quantum technologies is dependent on engineering highly complex systems that integrate quantum devices into existing classical infrastructure. A systems engineering approach is considered to address the growing need for quantum-secure telecommunications that overcome the threat to encryption caused by maturing quantum computation. This work explores a range of existing and future quantum communication networks, specifically quantum key distribution network proposals, to model and demonstrate the evolution of quantum key distribution network architectures. Leveraging Orthogonal Variability Modelling and Systems Modelling Language as candidate modelling languages, the study creates traceable artefacts to promote modular architectures that are reusable for future studies. We propose a variability-driven framework for managing fast-evolving network architectures with respect to increasing stakeholder expectations. The result contributes to the systematic development of viable quantum key distribution networks and supports the investigation of similar integration challenges relevant to the broader context of quantum systems engineering.

PDF available at arXiv=> https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.15733